{"id":1597,"date":"2023-09-27T20:32:55","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T20:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/estres-en-vaques-de-llet\/"},"modified":"2025-08-27T10:37:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T10:37:21","slug":"estres-en-vaques-de-llet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/estres-en-vaques-de-llet\/","title":{"rendered":"Estr\u00e8s en vaques de llet"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Al llarg de la vida, la vaca de llet ha de fer front a diferents factors estressants: f\u00edsics, fisiol\u00f2gics i psicol\u00f2gics. Limitar limpacte de lestr\u00e8s i promoure el benestar de les vaques lleteres \u00e9s de vital import\u00e0ncia. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Els efectes de l’estr\u00e8s repercuteixen directament en la quantitat i qualitat de la llet produ\u00efda: inhibici\u00f3 de l’ejecci\u00f3, reducci\u00f3 de la s\u00edntesi i fins i tot la modificaci\u00f3 de la composici\u00f3 de la llet.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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L’estr\u00e8s indueix canvis fisiol\u00f2gics i debilita la immunitat, cosa que augmenta la sensibilitat a les malalties.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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Les vaques estressades mostren una baixa fertilitat impactant indirectament en par\u00e0metres productius com ara l’interval entre parts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n
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Introducci\u00f3 a un grup: estr\u00e8s psicosocial<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
Com es pot superar la p\u00e8rdua de producci\u00f3 de llet despr\u00e9s d’una reagrupaci\u00f3 en vaca de llet?<\/div>\n
El reagrupament social no \u00e9s un esdeveniment insignificant per a les vaques lleteres.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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Sobretot en explotacions grans, una vaca lletera canvia de grup sovint per fer lots similars durant una lact\u00e0ncia. Aix\u00f2, per\u00f2, desestabilitza la din\u00e0mica social i perjudica comportaments productius com el descans, l’alimentaci\u00f3 i la rumia. La producci\u00f3 de llet tamb\u00e9 s’altera. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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Com superar la p\u00e8rdua de producci\u00f3 de llet despr\u00e9s del reagrupament?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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    \n
  1. \n

    \u00das de Veig, una soluci\u00f3 sensorial, per gestionar l’impacte de l’estr\u00e8s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Adaptaci\u00f3 de la gesti\u00f3 de lexplotaci\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Introduir vaques per parelles<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Els 3 temes s\u00f3n clau per contrarestar la p\u00e8rdua de llet despr\u00e9s d’un canvi de lot! <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Comportament i productivitat<\/h2>\n

    A les vaques de llet el comportament i la productivitat estan vinculats.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Per a una vaca una hora de descans addicional suposa augmentar la producci\u00f3 de llet en 0,9-1,6 litres de llet!<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    El comportament de les vaques diu molt sobre el seu nivell de benestar, que \u00e9s imprescindible per al rendiment. Les vaques lleteres necessiten realitzar una llista d’activitats durant el dia per al benestar propi i tamb\u00e9 per a la producci\u00f3 de llet.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    S\u201fha estudiat una correlaci\u00f3 directa entre el temps de descans d\u201funa vaca lletera i la productivitat: l\u201f\u00fas de VeO millora el seu benestar i aix\u00ed expressar una millor producci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Robot de munyida<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
    El sistema de munyida autom\u00e0tic constitueix una forma de millorar la productivitat de les explotacions lleteres. No obstant aix\u00f2, l’efici\u00e8ncia i l’\u00fas del temps de munyida robotitzada estan fortament influenciats pel comportament de les vaques. <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    De fet, la utilitzaci\u00f3 del robot requereix que les vaques estiguin m\u00e9s automotivades en comparaci\u00f3 de la sala de munyida convencional.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    Alguns estudis han trobat nivells m\u00e9s alts de comportaments agressius, com trepitjades i puntades de peu, amb l’\u00fas del robot que a la sala de munyida convencional.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Per tant, el comportament de les vaques representa una de les preocupacions m\u00e9s importants sobre les quals podem actuar per millorar la popularitat i la rendibilitat del robot de munyida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    El repte rau en augmentar el comportament de munyida volunt\u00e0ria per augmentar la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de munyida, aix\u00ed s’observa un augment de la producci\u00f3 de llet amb 2, 3 o 4 munyides en comparaci\u00f3 amb la munyida un cop al dia amb vaques lleteres Holstein (Figura 1).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"

    Figura 1: Efecte de la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de munyida en la producci\u00f3 mitjana de llet utilitzant un sistema de munyida autom\u00e0tica (Mayakrishnan Vijayakumar et al 2017)<\/p><\/div>\n

    \n

    De la mateixa manera, altres autors van confirmar que l’augment de la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de munyida de 2x a 3x va resultar en un augment del 10% al 30% en la producci\u00f3 de llet.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n

    Aleshores, la motivaci\u00f3 de la vaca per entrar al lloc de munyida representa la principal difer\u00e8ncia entre els sistemes de munyida amb robot i convencionals. Al robot, les vaques entren volunt\u00e0riament al lloc de munyida i s\u00f3n munyides durant tot el dia sense procediments de manipulaci\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Tot i aix\u00f2, encara que algunes vaques mostrin una motivaci\u00f3 evident per visitar el robot, \u00e9s possible que no ho facin per falta d’un h\u00e0bit establert.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    El descobriment i aprenentatge del robot \u00e9s un per\u00edode estressant per a les vaques: ple de novetats, tamb\u00e9 bregant amb la jerarquia dins del grup per accedir al robot de munyida.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    Entrenar les vaques per fer servir el robot i ajudar-les a superar la situaci\u00f3 d’estr\u00e8s \u00e9s crucial ja que aquest sistema de munyida dep\u00e8n de visites volunt\u00e0ries.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s especialment cert en el cas de les vaques prim\u00edpares que entren al grup de lact\u00e0ncia per primera vegada; aquest estr\u00e8s psicosocial les fa menys receptives a laprenentatge. Aix\u00ed, doncs, el mode d’acci\u00f3 de VeO pot ajudar a posar els animals en un estat de calma i accelerar el proc\u00e9s d’aprenentatge. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    La rendibilitat del sistema de munyida automatitzada dep\u00e8n de les visites volunt\u00e0ries, \u00e9s a dir, del nombre de munyides di\u00e0ries i de la velocitat de munyida. Gr\u00e0cies als seus efectes positius sobre el comportament de les vaques lleteres, els beneficis de VeO es poden observar a dos nivells principals: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
      \n
    • \n

      VeO redueix els comportaments competitius\/agressius, cosa que posa en relleu el seu potencial per millorar la flu\u00efdesa de la munyida i, per tant, la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de munyida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      VeO influeix positivament en comportaments productius com ara el descans, la rumia i el temps d’alimentaci\u00f3. Per tant, els animals poden expressar millor tot el seu potencial. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Refer\u00e8ncies<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
      C Johnston, J. D. (2018). Comunicaci\u00f3n breve: Asociaciones del comportamiento alimentario y la producci\u00f3n de leche en vacas lecheras. 101(4).<\/em><\/div>\n
      Felip H. P\u00e0dua, KM (2022). Impact de dietary citrus extracte en el behavior i producci\u00f3 de lactating dairy cows following regrouping : a preliminary study. Universitat de Guelph, Departament de Bioci\u00e8ncies Animals, Guelph. <\/em><\/div>\n
      Gomez A., NC (2010, desembre 01). Pressupost de temps del bestiar lleter lactant en ramats comercials d’estabulaci\u00f3 lliure. Revista de Ci\u00e8ncies Lleteres, 93. <\/em><\/div>\n
      Holloway L, BC (2014). Tornar a capturar la vida bovina: Robot-cow relationships, freedom and control in dairy farming. Revista d’Estudis Rurals, 33, 131-140. <\/em><\/div>\n
      Jan Broucek, PT (2015). Adaptabilitat de les vaques lleteres a la munyida robotitzada : una revisi\u00f3. Centre Nacional d’Agricultura i Alimentaci\u00f3, Nitra. <\/em><\/div>\n
      Laura Solano, CH (2022). Comportament del temps de munyida de vaques lleteres en un sistema de munyida automatitzat de flux lliure. Revista de Ci\u00e8ncia Lletera. <\/em><\/div>\n
      Mayakrishnan Vijayakumar, JH (2017). L’efecte del nombre de lact\u00e0ncia, l’etapa, la durada i la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de munyida en la producci\u00f3 de llet en vaques lleteres Holstein coreanes utilitzant el sistema de munyida autom\u00e0tic. <\/em><\/div>\n
      Nixon M, BJ (2009). Par\u00e0metres gen\u00e8tics de la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de munyida i trets de producci\u00f3 de llet a Holsteins canadencs munyides per un sistema de munyida automatitzat. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 3422-3430. <\/em><\/div>\n
      Stelwagen, K. (2001). Efecte de la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de munyida sobre el funcionament mamari i la forma de la corba de lactaci\u00f3. Centre de recerca Ruakura, Hamilton. <\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Al llarg de la vida, la vaca de llet ha de fer front a diferents factors estressants: f\u00edsics, fisiol\u00f2gics i psicol\u00f2gics. Limitar limpacte de lestr\u00e8s i promoure el benestar de les vaques lleteres \u00e9s de vital import\u00e0ncia. Els efectes de l’estr\u00e8s repercuteixen directament en la quantitat i qualitat de la llet produ\u00efda: inhibici\u00f3 de l’ejecci\u00f3, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1308,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-remugants"],"yoast_head":"\nEstr\u00e8s en vaques de llet - TECH-COMPLEX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/estres-en-vaques-de-llet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Estr\u00e8s en vaques de llet - TECH-COMPLEX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Al llarg de la vida, la vaca de llet ha de fer front a diferents factors estressants: f\u00edsics, fisiol\u00f2gics i psicol\u00f2gics. 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Limitar limpacte de lestr\u00e8s i promoure el benestar de les vaques lleteres \u00e9s de vital import\u00e0ncia. 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