{"id":1645,"date":"2021-12-01T19:57:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T19:57:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/microbiota-i-cervell-com-el-seu-dialeg-afecta-als-animals-de-produccio\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T09:51:13","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T09:51:13","slug":"microbiota-i-cervell-com-el-seu-dialeg-afecta-als-animals-de-produccio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/microbiota-i-cervell-com-el-seu-dialeg-afecta-als-animals-de-produccio\/","title":{"rendered":"MICROBIOTA I CERVELL: COM EL SEU DI\u00c0LEG AFECTA ALS ANIMALS DE PRODUCCI\u00d3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-foo\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">A la ramaderia, sovint es parla d&#8217;una flora intestinal equilibrada, d&#8217;una acci\u00f3 sobre la microbiota per millorar els nivells de producci\u00f3. Ja sigui en remugants, porcs o aus de corral, la \u201cmicrobiota\u201d fascina pels seus poders sobre la salut i el comportament&#8230;. Com funciona aquest misteri\u00f3s \u201c\u00f2rgan\u201d? De vegades escoltem l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 &#8220;segon cervell&#8221;, per\u00f2 com interactuen aquestes dues entitats?   <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block1\">\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-fo2nk\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\"><strong><u>Visqui la microbiota funcional!<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block6\">Una visi\u00f3 simplificada de la microbiota digestiva seria dir que est\u00e0 composta per:<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<ul class=\"QOI7n rIsue\">\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-6guce\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">Bacteris pat\u00f2gens ( <em>E. coli<\/em> , <em>Clostridium<\/em> ), i<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-8gj2o\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">Bacteris beneficiosos (Lactobacils, Bifidobacteris),<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block8\">La realitat \u00e9s m\u00e9s complexa, ja que dep\u00e8n dels ceps bacterians i de les seves funcions. Cada bacteri pot tenir diverses funcions, per\u00f2 diferents bacteris tamb\u00e9 poden tenir funcions semblants, per la qual cosa diferents microbiotes b\u00e9 podrien tenir les mateixes funcions generals. <\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block10\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-9gege\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\"><strong>L&#8217;intest\u00ed i el cervell: com es comuniquen?<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Abans que comprengu\u00e9ssim com es comuniquen l&#8217;intest\u00ed i el cervell, tract\u00e0vem principalment de modificar la composici\u00f3 de la microbiota cap a un equilibri que semblava m\u00e9s prometedor. L&#8217;\u00fas de certs additius alimentaris (prebi\u00f2tics, probi\u00f2tics, olis essencials, extractes de plantes) en pot modificar la composici\u00f3 i les funcions. Tanmateix, tamb\u00e9 es pot observar que es pot modificar en determinades condicions, com l&#8217;estr\u00e8s o certes patologies.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block14\">De fet, hi ha un eix que vincula la microbiota intestinal i el cervell de forma bidireccional: el conegut com a eix &#8220;microbiota-intest\u00ed-cervell&#8221;. En aquest eix intervenen les vies nerviosa, immunit\u00e0ria, endocrina i metab\u00f2lica. <\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block16\"><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block16\"><strong>Eix intest\u00ed-cervell, o cervell-intest\u00ed: en quina direcci\u00f3 flueix la informaci\u00f3?<br \/>\n<\/strong>L&#8217;eix intest\u00ed-cervell s&#8217;ha estudiat especialment en humans i en ratolins (com a model per als humans). En els \u00e9ssers humans, s&#8217;ha demostrat que el model descendent, des del cervell fins a l&#8217;intest\u00ed (eix cervell microbiota), podria ser conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, per exemple, de l&#8217;estr\u00e8s cr\u00f2nic o d&#8217;un esdeveniment vital traum\u00e0tic. El cervell activa llavors el Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Aut\u00f2nom i l&#8217;eix Hipot\u00e0lem-Hip\u00f2fisi-Adrenal, que actuen sobre la plasticitat neuronal del Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Ent\u00e8ric. Aix\u00f2 provocar\u00e0 un augment de la sensibilitat i permeabilitat intestinal o una alteraci\u00f3 de la microbiota.   <\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block19\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"viewer-ddflu\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\">Per contra, el model ascendent, de l&#8217;intest\u00ed al cervell (eix microbiota-cervell), es desencadena per una alteraci\u00f3 de la flora intestinal, una infecci\u00f3 gastrointestinal o una inflamaci\u00f3 intestinal. Aquests esdeveniments alteren la plasticitat neuronal del sistema nervi\u00f3s ent\u00e8ric, cosa que, a trav\u00e9s de diferents fibres, altera el comportament o d\u00f3na lloc a trastorns psicol\u00f2gics. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"attachment_406\" style=\"width: 796px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-406\" class=\"size-full wp-image-406\" src=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_002b57dbcb8c4f7da61b66af65a7c148mv2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"786\" height=\"707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_002b57dbcb8c4f7da61b66af65a7c148mv2.jpg 786w, https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_002b57dbcb8c4f7da61b66af65a7c148mv2-480x432.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 786px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-406\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Font: Al-Asmakh et al. -2012- Gut microbial communities modulating brain development and function<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-112ro\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">L&#8217;eix intest\u00ed cervell est\u00e0 ara \u00e0mpliament descrit en patologies com el Parkinson, l&#8217;Alzheimer i l&#8217;autisme. En efecte, sembla que aquestes malalties cerebrals s\u00f3n en realitat el resultat d&#8217;una alteraci\u00f3 de la microbiota, amb una reducci\u00f3 de la diversitat bacteriana, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 una reducci\u00f3 de certs bacteris de connotaci\u00f3 positiva i, a la inversa, una sobrerepresentaci\u00f3 de certs bacteris de connotaci\u00f3 negativa. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block26\"><strong>I els animals de granja?<\/strong><\/div>\n<h2 data-hook=\"rcv-block28\">La microbiota: un problema real per a la producci\u00f3 animal<\/h2>\n<p data-hook=\"rcv-block28\">Encara que l&#8217;eix intest\u00ed-cervell o cervell-microbiota s&#8217;ha descrit principalment en humans i ratolins, \u00e9s v\u00e0lid per a totes les esp\u00e8cies animals. En els darrers anys, cada cop m\u00e9s estudis s&#8217;han centrat en aquest eix en els animals de producci\u00f3. Aquests estudis demostren que la microbiota intestinal \u00e9s capa\u00e7 d&#8217;influir en el seu comportament (eix microbiota-cervell), per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 que el cervell influeix en la salut digestiva (eix cervell-microbiota).  <\/p>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block32\"><strong>Des del model cient\u00edfic<\/strong><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block34\">Per exemple, un estudi realitzat en guatlles ax\u00e8niques (germ free o lliures de pat\u00f2gens espec\u00edfics) va demostrar que l&#8217;abs\u00e8ncia de microbiota redu\u00efa la reactivitat emocional en situacions de por  <em><u>&#8211; Kraimi et al. -2018- Frontiers | Absence of Gut Microbiota Reduces Emotional Reactivity in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) | Physiology (frontiersin.org). <\/u><\/em><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block35\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"viewer-fcacp\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\">Els mateixos autors tamb\u00e9 van demostrar el seu impacte en la reactivitat emocional seleccionant dos tipus de l\u00ednies de guatlles, una que s&#8217;espanta f\u00e0cilment (E+) i una altra que s&#8217;espanta menys f\u00e0cilment (E-). Les guatlles ax\u00e8niques de la l\u00ednia E+ van ser inoculades amb microbiota de guatlles E+ o E- i les que van rebre la microbiota E- van mostrar menys reactivitat emocional que les que van rebre la microbiota E+   <em><u>&#8211; Kraimi et al. -2019- Effects of gut microbiota transfer a emotional reactivity in Japanese quails <\/u><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block38\"><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block38\"><strong>A l&#8217;aplicaci\u00f3 de camp<\/strong><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block40\">Un bon exemple de l&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia de l&#8217;eix cervell-microbiota als porcs \u00e9s l&#8217;efecte de l&#8217;estr\u00e8s del deslletament a la microbiota intestinal. El deslletament \u00e9s, en efecte, una llista d&#8217;esdeveniments traum\u00e0tics per a l&#8217;animal: separaci\u00f3 de la mare, distribuci\u00f3 amb cong\u00e8neres nous, canvi d&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3, canvi de lloc de resid\u00e8ncia; tots ells elements estressants que expliquen per qu\u00e8 s&#8217;observen diarrees inespec\u00edfiques als garrins en aquest moment de la seva vida. Un estudi del 2018 mostra que l&#8217;estr\u00e8s del deslletament provoca una modificaci\u00f3 de la flora microbiana amb un desequilibri de la relaci\u00f3 patogen\/no patogen, una modificaci\u00f3 de les seves funcions per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 una alteraci\u00f3 del perfil microbi\u00e0 metab\u00f2lic intestinal.    <em><u>&#8211; Li et al. -2018- Weaning stress perturbs gut microbiome and its metabolic profile in piglets <\/u><\/em><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block41\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"viewer-7i4ah\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><a class=\"CUBeV _2xrqk\" href=\"https:\/\/elevage-planete.fr\/microbiote-et-cerveau-animal-elevage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>Font: Microbiote et cerveau : quelle action sur l&#8217;animal d&#8217;\u00e9levage? (elevage-planet.fr) <\/u><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A la ramaderia, sovint es parla d&#8217;una flora intestinal equilibrada, d&#8217;una acci\u00f3 sobre la microbiota per millorar els nivells de producci\u00f3. Ja sigui en remugants, porcs o aus de corral, la \u201cmicrobiota\u201d fascina pels seus poders sobre la salut i el comportament&#8230;. Com funciona aquest misteri\u00f3s \u201c\u00f2rgan\u201d? De vegades escoltem l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 &#8220;segon cervell&#8221;, per\u00f2 com [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[166],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-multiespecie-ca"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MICROBIOTA I CERVELL: COM EL SEU DI\u00c0LEG AFECTA ALS ANIMALS DE PRODUCCI\u00d3 - TECH-COMPLEX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/microbiota-i-cervell-com-el-seu-dialeg-afecta-als-animals-de-produccio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MICROBIOTA I CERVELL: COM EL SEU DI\u00c0LEG AFECTA ALS ANIMALS DE PRODUCCI\u00d3 - TECH-COMPLEX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A la ramaderia, sovint es parla d&#8217;una flora intestinal equilibrada, d&#8217;una acci\u00f3 sobre la microbiota per millorar els nivells de producci\u00f3. Ja sigui en remugants, porcs o aus de corral, la \u201cmicrobiota\u201d fascina pels seus poders sobre la salut i el comportament&#8230;. Com funciona aquest misteri\u00f3s \u201c\u00f2rgan\u201d? 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