{"id":1654,"date":"2022-01-05T20:00:18","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T20:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/vaques-lleteres-el-comportament-natural-marca-la-diferencia-en-el-rendiment\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T09:50:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T09:50:31","slug":"vaques-lleteres-el-comportament-natural-marca-la-diferencia-en-el-rendiment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/vaques-lleteres-el-comportament-natural-marca-la-diferencia-en-el-rendiment\/","title":{"rendered":"VAQUES LLETERES: EL COMPORTAMENT NATURAL MARCA LA DIFER\u00c8NCIA EN EL RENDIMENT"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-foo\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">La cria de vaques lleteres ha de tenir en compte la import\u00e0ncia del comportament natural. La nostra gesti\u00f3 moderna de la producci\u00f3: allotjament, sales de munyida, menjadores&#8230; ens ha perm\u00e8s disminuir les tasques dif\u00edcils per als ramaders i, alhora, controlar molts par\u00e0metres de rendiment. Tot i aix\u00f2, el confort diari de la vaca lletera hauria de ser un dels primers par\u00e0metres en qu\u00e8 haur\u00edem de centrar-nos. En efecte, l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 del comportament de les vaques diu molt sobre el nivell de benestar, que \u00e9s un element imprescindible per al rendiment.   <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block1\">\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<h2 id=\"viewer-98cu\" class=\"_6Aw8R NfA7j HZbzS QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"KfHkb\">Particularitats de les vaques lleteres<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block3\"><strong>Les vaques s\u00f3n animals socials<\/strong><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block1\">\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block5\">Les vaques viuen dins el ramat amb interaccions complexes i socials. Als sistemes d&#8217;interior, l&#8217;oportunitat de revelar un comportament natural es pot veure redu\u00efda. A m\u00e9s, poden competir m\u00e9s per l&#8217;acc\u00e9s a recursos com el pinso o l&#8217;aigua o estar m\u00e9s exposades a problemes de jerarquia a causa, en part, d&#8217;una possible densitat de poblaci\u00f3 massa alta.  <\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block6\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"viewer-cgfg4\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><strong>Les vaques s\u00f3n remugants<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block8\">Encara que tots en som conscients, la capacitat de la vaca per pair la fibra la fa molt eficient per produir productes finals valuosos com la llet o la carn a partir de mat\u00e8ries primeres que s\u00f3n in\u00fatils per als humans. A canvi, la digesti\u00f3 de la fibra implica un tracte digestiu i un temps espec\u00edfics. La ingesta d&#8217;aliment i la rumia ocupen llargues hores a l&#8217;horari circadi\u00e0 de la vaca.  <\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block9\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"viewer-jdvk\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><strong>Les vaques s\u00f3n molt dormilones<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block11\">Tot i el gran temps dedicat a l&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3, una altra activitat di\u00e0ria ocupa m\u00e9s la vaca: el descans. El temps de descans \u00e9s encara m\u00e9s important en un sistema de pasturatge zero en qu\u00e8 les vaques passen la major part del temps sobre el terra dur. Estar tombades redueix la pressi\u00f3 sobre les pe\u00fclles i, per tant, el risc de coixesa. A m\u00e9s, el flux sanguini a la mamella i l&#8217;efic\u00e0cia de la rumia tamb\u00e9 milloren durant les migdiades.   <\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block12\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"viewer-9q2da\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\">Amb aquestes tres caracter\u00edstiques com a exemple, sabem que donar a les vaques la llibertat de satisfer les necessitats tindr\u00e0 un impacte positiu en el benestar dels animals i, en conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, en la productivitat.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block15\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<h2 id=\"viewer-etnig\" class=\"_6Aw8R NfA7j HZbzS QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"KfHkb\">El comportament de la vaca lletera i la seva productivitat estan relacionats<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block17\"><strong>Com pot ser de perfecta la jornada d&#8217;una vaca lletera?<\/strong><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block18\">Molts estudis han observat i mesurat les rutines de comportament de les vaques lleteres en un entorn lliure d&#8217;estabulaci\u00f3. Segons <em>Grant i Albright (2000)<\/em> , l&#8217;activitat d&#8217;una vaca lletera es pot desglossar de la manera seg\u00fcent: <\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<ul class=\"QOI7n rIsue\">\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-903al\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">12 a 14 hores\/dia de son\/descans;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-54crf\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">7 a 10 hores\/dia de romia;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-atn4k\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">3 a 5 hores\/dia d&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-16v1r\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">2 a 3 hores\/dia de socialitzaci\u00f3;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-119hj\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">5 hores\/dia per beure i<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-31ll8\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">de 2,5 a 3,5 hores\/dia de munyida i passeig.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-ev5bv\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">Les vaques lleteres necessiten realitzar una llista d&#8217;activitats durant el dia per al benestar propi i tamb\u00e9 per a la producci\u00f3 de llet.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-a9qkq\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">Una correlaci\u00f3 directa entre el temps de descans de la vaca lletera i la seva productivitat ha estat estudiada per  <em>Grant et al. (2004)<\/em>. S\u2019admet que cada hora addicional de descans es converteix en 0,9 a 1,6 litres de llet.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_412\" style=\"width: 1255px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-412\" class=\"size-full wp-image-412\" src=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_24f9af156f99442b925b739269f276f3mv2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1245\" height=\"877\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_24f9af156f99442b925b739269f276f3mv2.png 1245w, https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_24f9af156f99442b925b739269f276f3mv2-980x690.png 980w, https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_24f9af156f99442b925b739269f276f3mv2-480x338.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1245px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-412\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura 1. Relaci\u00f3 entre el temps de descans i la producci\u00f3 de llet (de Grant, 2004)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<h2 id=\"viewer-4qdh8\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">Quins esdeveniments provoquen canvis negatius en el comportament de les vaques lleteres?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block26\">Les modificacions de les relacions socials permanents dins del ramat i l&#8217;amuntegament repercuteixen negativament al descans. Com a resultat, les vaques n&#8217;adaptaran l&#8217;horari: s&#8217;afavorir\u00e0 el temps de descans a costa de la ingesta d&#8217;aliment. ( <em>Metz, 1985 ; Batchelder, 2000 ; Hill et al., 2007<\/em> ).<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block26\"><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block26\">L&#8217;impacte en la producci\u00f3 de llet es deu a la reducci\u00f3 de la ingesta de mat\u00e8ria seca per dia, aix\u00ed com a la ingesta excessiva en els moments d&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3 menys freq\u00fcents.<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block28\"><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<div id=\"viewer-d6afo\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"color: #333333; font-size: 26px;\">Els comportaments naturals es poden utilitzar com a indicadors primerencs del benestar i la productivitat dels animals<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\">Tenir cura del benestar de les vaques lleteres \u00e9s essencial. Els canvis negatius de comportament estan relacionats amb situacions o esdeveniments percebuts negativament per la vaca. La detecci\u00f3 primerenca dels canvis de la rutina di\u00e0ria pot ajudar a identificar les situacions que indueixen a l&#8217;estr\u00e8s per minimitzar-ne els efectes negatius en el rendiment posterior.  <\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\">Aleshores, per qu\u00e8 no ens fixem en els indicadors de comportament per avaluar el confort de les vaques lleteres? Actualment hi ha dispositius de control individual com collarets o pod\u00f2metres. Recull informaci\u00f3 sobre el ramat. Per exemple, podem enumerar:   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<ul class=\"QOI7n rIsue\">\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-du7d2\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">Temps de rep\u00f2s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-74cso\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">Temps de rumia<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-4vsdp\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl\">Activitat<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-9rnch\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">A m\u00e9s de l&#8217;ajuda de les eines inform\u00e0tiques, tamb\u00e9 podem dedicar temps a observar el ramat cada dia, idealment a primera hora del mat\u00ed, abans de la primera munyida. D&#8217;aquesta manera, es poden controlar les interaccions socials, la locomoci\u00f3 i el comportament postural. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-3tmt5\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV rIsue QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl\"><strong>El mecanisme de resposta a l&#8217;estr\u00e8s<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span> Les vaques lleteres s&#8217;enfronten a esdeveniments inevitables que activen una resposta innata a l&#8217;estr\u00e8s. El patr\u00f3 de lluita o fugida exerceix un paper fonamental en la manera com les vaques afronten els factors d&#8217;estr\u00e8s del seu entorn. Els mecanismes implicats preparen l&#8217;animal per lluitar o fugir de la situaci\u00f3.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block38\">Hi ha una forta correlaci\u00f3 entre l&#8217;estr\u00e8s i el comportament: per exemple, menjar deixa de ser una prioritat en situacions de perill. De fet, el comportament \u00e9s un indicador de la caiguda futura del rendiment. <\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block40\"><\/div>\n<div data-hook=\"rcv-block40\"><strong>Com mitigar els efectes negatius de l&#8217;estr\u00e8s a les vaques lleteres?<br \/>\n<\/strong>A m\u00e9s de proporcionar tot el confort possible mitjan\u00e7ant l&#8217;allotjament, l&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3, el subministrament d&#8217;aigua o el maneig, una altra soluci\u00f3 \u00e9s millorar la seva capacitat d&#8217;adaptaci\u00f3, ja que l&#8217;entorn de les vaques canvia constantment.<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-58jgl\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">Actuar directament on comen\u00e7a la resposta a l&#8217;estr\u00e8s: al cervell, ho fa possible. S&#8217;ha tastat una soluci\u00f3 innovadora basada en un extracte espec\u00edfic de c\u00edtrics en diverses condicions de producci\u00f3 amb resultats interessants. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<ul class=\"QOI7n rIsue\">\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-f3fm6\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\"><strong>Reducci\u00f3 del comportament agressiu en el moment de l&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3<\/strong> : S&#8217;ha observat una ingesta d&#8217;aliment m\u00e9s homog\u00e8nia i una agressivitat menor entre els companys de corral durant l&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3, fins i tot amb una alta densitat de poblaci\u00f3. S&#8217;han observat adaptacions de comportament similars en un estudi m\u00e9s recent dut a terme en vaques prim\u00edpares despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;agrupaci\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-6khmc\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\"><strong>Temps d&#8217;activitat i descans<\/strong> Durant un assaig amb 2 grups de vaques (durada =18 setmanes), el nombre de passos diaris disminueix significativament en un 38%. Com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia directa, s&#8217;ha millorat la producci\u00f3 de llet: +2 litres\/vaca\/dia. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"B229E\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-hors\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\"><strong>Temps de rumia<\/strong> Un altre estudi realitzat a la Universitat de Davis tamb\u00e9 va mesurar que el temps de descans dels animals supera el 28%. Per tant, l&#8217;\u00fas d&#8217;aquesta soluci\u00f3 a les vaques fa que puguin descansar m\u00e9s i pensar millor amb conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies positives en la producci\u00f3 de llet i l&#8217;efici\u00e8ncia aliment\u00e0ria, millorada en un 7%. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_414\" style=\"width: 586px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-414\" class=\"size-full wp-image-414\" src=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_9a17741ba82a432785ecda8eb7dbf2a9mv2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_9a17741ba82a432785ecda8eb7dbf2a9mv2.png 576w, https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/62e293_9a17741ba82a432785ecda8eb7dbf2a9mv2-480x480.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 576px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-414\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura 2. Temps de descans de les vaques lleteres alimentades amb la soluci\u00f3 amb extractes de c\u00edtrics (CE)<\/p><\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-ae88t\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\">La monitoritzaci\u00f3 del comportament va permetre demostrar els beneficis de la modulaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;activitat de l&#8217;am\u00edgdala i el c\u00f2rtex prefrontal, que s\u00f3n dues \u00e0rees cerebrals implicades en la resposta a l&#8217;estr\u00e8s. La soluci\u00f3 amb extractes de c\u00edtrics augmenta la capacitat de recuperaci\u00f3 dels animals. A les vaques lleteres, l\u00fas daquest suplement pot ser interessant, ja que ajuda les vaques a guanyar benestar i, en conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, a expressar una millor producci\u00f3.  <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-fiilm\" class=\"Is4xI aaZkV MqvCC QMtOy\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"vsfWl MqvCC\"><em>Font:<\/em> <a class=\"CUBeV _2xrqk\" href=\"https:\/\/livestock-world.com\/dairy-cows-natural-behaviour-and-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><em>Dairy cows: natural behaviour Make the difference for performance (livestock-world.com)<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La cria de vaques lleteres ha de tenir en compte la import\u00e0ncia del comportament natural. La nostra gesti\u00f3 moderna de la producci\u00f3: allotjament, sales de munyida, menjadores&#8230; ens ha perm\u00e8s disminuir les tasques dif\u00edcils per als ramaders i, alhora, controlar molts par\u00e0metres de rendiment. Tot i aix\u00f2, el confort diari de la vaca lletera hauria [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>VAQUES LLETERES: EL COMPORTAMENT NATURAL MARCA LA DIFER\u00c8NCIA EN EL RENDIMENT - TECH-COMPLEX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/vaques-lleteres-el-comportament-natural-marca-la-diferencia-en-el-rendiment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"VAQUES LLETERES: EL COMPORTAMENT NATURAL MARCA LA DIFER\u00c8NCIA EN EL RENDIMENT - TECH-COMPLEX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La cria de vaques lleteres ha de tenir en compte la import\u00e0ncia del comportament natural. La nostra gesti\u00f3 moderna de la producci\u00f3: allotjament, sales de munyida, menjadores&#8230; ens ha perm\u00e8s disminuir les tasques dif\u00edcils per als ramaders i, alhora, controlar molts par\u00e0metres de rendiment. 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