{"id":1735,"date":"2021-02-24T18:33:33","date_gmt":"2021-02-24T18:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/actuar-contra-lestres-termic\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T14:53:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T14:53:42","slug":"actuar-contra-lestres-termic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/actuar-contra-lestres-termic\/","title":{"rendered":"Actuar contra l’estr\u00e8s t\u00e8rmic"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Am\u00e9lie Cornillet, Veterin\u00e0ria de Vitalac, explica dos aspectes que no s’han de passar per alt en \u00e8poques d’estr\u00e8s per calor.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
    \n
  1. \n

    1. El BACD (Balan\u00e7 Ani\u00f3 Cati\u00f3 de la Dieta), i<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    2. Prevenir la s\u00edndrome d’hiperpermeabilitat intestinal i les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies negatives. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    L’estr\u00e8s per calor en vaques de llet comen\u00e7a a partir de 22\u00b0C i 50% d’humitat relativa i t\u00e9 conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies importants en refer\u00e8ncia a la salut i el rendiment:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
      \n
    • \n

      Reducci\u00f3 de la ingesti\u00f3 al voltant del 10 al 30%.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Disminuci\u00f3 de la producci\u00f3 de llet (de 2 fins a 4 kg\/dia mitjana durant l’estiu a Espanya).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Disminuci\u00f3 fins a -0,4% de greix a la llet.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Fertilitat degradada i augment de les coixeses al final de l’estiu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Aix\u00f2 origina una p\u00e8rdua econ\u00f2mica, que oscil\u00b7la entre 130-250\u20ac\/vaca depenent de la regi\u00f3. Per tant, \u00e9s fonamental actuar. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      La prioritat \u00e9s baixar el THI (\u00edndex temperatura-humitat, \u00edndex per mesurar la intensitat de l’estr\u00e8s t\u00e8rmic) condicionant els edificis: obrir el revestiment, instal\u00b7lar ventiladors i un sistema de ruixadors, i augmentar el nombre d’abeuradors. Com a recordatori, cal proporcionar 10 cm lineals de abeuradors per vaca al ramat, o 10 m de abeuradors per a un ramat de 100 vaques. <\/div>\n
      A m\u00e9s de les adaptacions estructurals de les instal\u00b7lacions, hi ha solucions nutricionals per reduir la p\u00e8rdua d’ingressos a causa de l’estr\u00e8s per calor:<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n

      1.- Actuar sobre el BAC de la raci\u00f3 i el consum de minerals com potassi (K+) i sodi<\/strong> (Na+)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      El potassi i el sodi s\u00f3n dos minerals essencials per a la vida, ja que regulen la hidrataci\u00f3 i lequilibri \u00e0cid-base del cos. Durant els per\u00edodes d’estr\u00e8s per calor, les p\u00e8rdues de K+ i Na+ augmenten a causa de la sudoraci\u00f3, l’augment de l’eliminaci\u00f3 urin\u00e0ria i la sialorrea. Els equilibris osm\u00f2tics i \u00e0cid-base es veuen seriosament afectats. <\/div>\n
      \n

      L’estr\u00e8s per calor tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s un factor de risc important per a l’acidosi ruminal i metab\u00f2lica. De fet, les vaques hiperventil\u00b7len per eliminar l’exc\u00e9s de calor corporal, cosa que provoca, d’una banda, una eliminaci\u00f3 excessiva de CO2 a l’aire exhalat, element implicat en la regulaci\u00f3 del pH sanguini, i, d’altra banda, una disminuci\u00f3 en el temps de rumia, que condueix a acidosi ruminal. La conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia per a les vaques \u00e9s una caiguda significativa en la ingesti\u00f3, p\u00e8rdua de producci\u00f3, augment del recompte de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules som\u00e0tiques i disminuci\u00f3 de la taxa de greix i prote\u00efna a la llet. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      El consum continu d’un aliment mineral compensant les p\u00e8rdues de K+ i Na+ alhora que augmenta la BAC de la raci\u00f3 per l’aportaci\u00f3 de carbonats i bicarbonats, prev\u00e9 aix\u00ed l’aparici\u00f3 d’acidosi ruminal i metab\u00f2lica. D’aquesta manera, es mant\u00e9 la ingesti\u00f3, la producci\u00f3 de llet i la seva qualitat. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      <\/div>\n
      \n

      2.- Prevenir la s\u00edndrome d’hiperpermeabilitat intestinal i les seues conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      En \u00e8poques d’estr\u00e8s per calor, la circulaci\u00f3 sangu\u00ednia es dirigeix \u200b\u200bprincipalment als capil\u00b7lars sanguinis de la pell, per permetre que la vaca elimini la calor m\u00e9s f\u00e0cilment. Altres \u00f2rgans, com l’intest\u00ed, reben menys aportaci\u00f3 sangu\u00ednia, per tant, menys oxigen i nutrients. Aix\u00f2 provoca estr\u00e8s a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que formen la barrera intestinal. Aquesta barrera es destrueix parcialment i provoca el pas de toxines des de l’interior de l’intest\u00ed al torrent sanguini. Aix\u00f2 s’anomena s\u00edndrome de l’intest\u00ed permeable o hiperpermeabilitat intestinal. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Aquestes toxines s\u00f3n proinflamat\u00f2ries, cosa que significa que activaran la resposta inflamat\u00f2ria a la vaca. Un cop activat, el sistema immunol\u00f2gic utilitza molta m\u00e9s glucosa per obtenir energia del que \u00e9s habitual, arribant a consumir fins a 2 kg de glucosa per dia. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Una vaca sana que produeix 45 litres de llet, normalment consumeix 2,5 kg de glucosa al dia. La mateixa vaca, amb estr\u00e8s t\u00e8rmic, passar\u00e0 a consumir 4,5 kg de glucosa al dia. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Durant aquesta s\u00edndrome d’hiperpermeabilitat intestinal, que pot ser provocada o accentuada per altres estressors (alimentaris, socials, micotoxines, etc.), hi ha menys glucosa disponible per formar lactosa a la mamella, i la producci\u00f3 de llet es redueix considerablement. Totes les altres funcions que depenen de lenergia disponible, com la funci\u00f3 reproductiva, tamb\u00e9 es veuen afectades per aquesta disminuci\u00f3 de la disponibilitat de glucosa; aix\u00f2 explica en part la disminuci\u00f3 de la fertilitat observada durant els mesos d’estiu. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Per a una prevenci\u00f3 \u00f2ptima de la s\u00edndrome de l’intest\u00ed permeable durant per\u00edodes d’estr\u00e8s per calor, \u00e9s necessari actuar sobre la raci\u00f3 per mantenir una bona salut de l’intest\u00ed i de la flora digestiva, per exemple, utilitzant un segrestador de micotoxines, probi\u00f2tics i prebi\u00f2tics, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 aportant elements minerals s en altes dosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Per lluitar contra les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de la hiperpermeabilitat intestinal a l’estiu, el consum de precursors de glucosa augmenta el nivell de glucosa a la sang i aix\u00ed mant\u00e9 la s\u00edntesi de llet a la mamella.<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      3.- Mantenir una raci\u00f3 sempre fresca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Distribuir-la diverses vegades durant les hores m\u00e9s fresques del dia. Aix\u00f2 estimula el consum de mat\u00e8ria seca. Per evitar que la raci\u00f3 s’escalfi, utilitzeu un conservant de racions barrejat al carro unifeed. <\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n

      4.- Augmentar la densitat energ\u00e8tica de la raci\u00f3 i utilitzar amino\u00e0cids protegits. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Per compensar els efectes d’una ingesti\u00f3 redu\u00efda, la raci\u00f3 es pot ajustar per proporcionar m\u00e9s UFL per kg de mat\u00e8ria seca, per exemple, utilitzant greix protegit, lli extru\u00eft o cereals tractats (XL GRAIN). La ingesti\u00f3 d’amino\u00e0cids protegits pot compensar la disminuci\u00f3 de la digestibilitat de les prote\u00efnes a la raci\u00f3 durant aquest per\u00edode d’estr\u00e8s ruminal. <\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Am\u00e9lie Cornillet, Veterin\u00e0ria de Vitalac, explica dos aspectes que no s’han de passar per alt en \u00e8poques d’estr\u00e8s per calor. 1. El BACD (Balan\u00e7 Ani\u00f3 Cati\u00f3 de la Dieta), i 2. Prevenir la s\u00edndrome d’hiperpermeabilitat intestinal i les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies negatives. L’estr\u00e8s per calor en vaques de llet comen\u00e7a a partir de 22\u00b0C i 50% d’humitat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2562,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[160,150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-multiespecie-2","category-remugants"],"yoast_head":"\nActuar contra l'estr\u00e8s t\u00e8rmic - TECH-COMPLEX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/actuar-contra-lestres-termic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Actuar contra l'estr\u00e8s t\u00e8rmic - TECH-COMPLEX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Am\u00e9lie Cornillet, Veterin\u00e0ria de Vitalac, explica dos aspectes que no s’han de passar per alt en \u00e8poques d’estr\u00e8s per calor. 1. El BACD (Balan\u00e7 Ani\u00f3 Cati\u00f3 de la Dieta), i 2. Prevenir la s\u00edndrome d’hiperpermeabilitat intestinal i les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies negatives. 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