{"id":3396,"date":"2026-07-28T08:31:36","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T06:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/depressio-del-greix-lactic-en-bestiar-bovi-lleter\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T08:31:36","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T06:31:36","slug":"depressio-del-greix-lactic-en-bestiar-bovi-lleter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/ca\/depressio-del-greix-lactic-en-bestiar-bovi-lleter\/","title":{"rendered":"Depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic en bestiar bov\u00ed lleter"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quan la llet perd greix: molt m\u00e9s que un problema energ\u00e8tic<\/h2>\n

El greix l\u00e0ctic \u00e9s un dels principals determinants del valor econ\u00f2mic de la llet. Tanmateix, en determinades circumst\u00e0ncies, vaques amb una producci\u00f3 de llet normal, o fins i tot elevada, experimenten una disminuci\u00f3 significativa del percentatge de greix. Aquest fenomen es coneix com a depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic<\/strong> o Milk Fat Depression (MFD).<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La MFD \u00e9s un trastorn nutricional complex en el qual la producci\u00f3 de llet sol mantenir-se, mentre que disminueix espec\u00edficament la s\u00edntesi de greix a la gl\u00e0ndula mam\u00e0ria. L\u2019evid\u00e8ncia cient\u00edfica actual assenyala que aquest fenomen est\u00e0 estretament lligat a alteracions en la fermentaci\u00f3 ruminal i en les vies de biohidrogenaci\u00f3 dels \u00e0cids grassos insaturats.<\/p>\n

D\u2019on prov\u00e9 el greix de la llet?<\/h2>\n

El greix l\u00e0ctic t\u00e9 tres or\u00edgens principals:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • S\u00edntesi de novo a la gl\u00e0ndula mam\u00e0ria<\/strong>, principalment dels \u00e0cids grassos de cadena curta i mitjana (C4:0\u2013C14:0 i part del C16:0).<\/li>\n
  • \u00c0cids grassos preformats<\/strong>, procedents de la dieta o de les reserves corporals.<\/li>\n
  • \u00c0cids grassos mixtos<\/strong>, com l\u2019\u00e0cid palm\u00edtic (C16:0), que poden tenir ambd\u00f3s or\u00edgens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    En condicions normals, el rumen produeix acetat i butirat<\/strong>, que constitueixen els principals precursors per a la s\u00edntesi mam\u00e0ria de greix.<\/p>\n

    Biohidrogenaci\u00f3 ruminal: el paper de la microbiota<\/h2>\n

    Els microorganismes ruminals transformen els \u00e0cids grassos insaturats de la dieta mitjan\u00e7ant un proc\u00e9s anomenat biohidrogenaci\u00f3 ruminal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    La seva funci\u00f3 principal \u00e9s reduir la toxicitat que els \u00e0cids grassos insaturats exerceixen sobre determinats bacteris del rumen. El resultat final d\u2019aquest proc\u00e9s \u00e9s, generalment, la formaci\u00f3 d\u2019\u00e0cid este\u00e0ric (C18:0)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Tanmateix, quan l\u2019ecosistema ruminal s\u2019altera, la via de biohidrogenaci\u00f3 pot canviar i generar intermediaris amb activitat biol\u00f2gica capa\u00e7os de modificar la s\u00edntesi de greix a la gl\u00e0ndula mam\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    El \u00abtrans-10 shift\u00bb: l\u2019explicaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s acceptada actualment<\/h2>\n

    La hip\u00f2tesi actualment m\u00e9s acceptada per explicar la depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic \u00e9s l\u2019anomenat \u00abtrans-10 shift\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    En determinades condicions nutricionals augmenta la producci\u00f3 d\u2019intermediaris de biohidrogenaci\u00f3 com:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Trans-10 C18:1<\/strong>
      Trans-10,cis-12 CLA<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Aquests compostos arriben a la gl\u00e0ndula mam\u00e0ria i inhibeixen l\u2019expressi\u00f3 de gens implicats en la lipog\u00e8nesi, reduint la s\u00edntesi de greix.<\/p>\n

      Entre els enzims afectats destaquen:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Acetil-CoA carboxilasa (ACC)
        \u00c0cid gras sintasa (FAS)
        Lipoprote\u00efna lipasa (LPL)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Tot i que el trans-10,cis-12 CLA<\/strong> \u00e9s el compost m\u00e9s estudiat, treballs recents suggereixen que la MFD \u00e9s un fenomen multifactorial en el qual participen altres intermediaris encara no completament identificats.<\/p>\n

        Quines situacions afavoreixen la depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic?<\/h2>\n

        Exc\u00e9s de mid\u00f3 fermentable<\/h3>\n

        Dietes riques en cereals o midons de fermentaci\u00f3 r\u00e0pida redueixen el pH ruminal i modifiquen la microbiota.<\/p>\n

        Baixa fibra f\u00edsicament efectiva<\/h3>\n

        La disminuci\u00f3 del remugament redueix la producci\u00f3 de saliva i la capacitat tamp\u00f3 del rumen.<\/p>\n

        Exc\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e0cids grassos poliinsaturats (PUFA)<\/h3>\n

        Quantitats elevades d\u2019olis vegetals o subproductes rics en PUFA incrementen el risc d\u2019alterar la biohidrogenaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        Estr\u00e8s t\u00e8rmic<\/h3>\n

        La calor redueix el consum, altera el patr\u00f3 d\u2019ingesta i afavoreix l\u2019acidosi subaguda, augmentant el risc de MFD.<\/p>\n

        Qu\u00e8 significa un perfil 6:60 en un greix protegit?<\/h2>\n

        Al mercat dels greixos protegits \u00e9s freq\u00fcent trobar refer\u00e8ncies a perfils com 6:60<\/strong>. Tot i que aquesta nomenclatura no est\u00e0 completament estandarditzada i pot variar lleugerament entre fabricants, generalment fa refer\u00e8ncia a un greix amb:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u2248 6% d\u2019\u00e0cids grassos poliinsaturats (PUFA)<\/strong>, principalment \u00e0cid linoleic (C18:2).<\/li>\n
        • \u2248 60% d\u2019\u00e0cid palm\u00edtic (C16:0)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          La resta sol estar constitu\u00efda principalment per:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u00c0cid este\u00e0ric (C18:0)
            \u00c0cid oleic (C18:1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Per qu\u00e8 \u00e9s important aquest perfil?<\/p>\n

            \u00c0cid palm\u00edtic (C16:0)<\/h3>\n

            El C16:0 \u00e9s un dels principals precursors del greix l\u00e0ctic. Nombrosos estudis han demostrat que la suplementaci\u00f3 amb greixos rics en palm\u00edtic pot incrementar:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Producci\u00f3 de greix l\u00e0ctic.
              Rendiment de greix (%).
              Llet corregida per energia (ECM).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u00c0cid este\u00e0ric (C18:0)<\/h3>\n

              Aporta energia i pot dessaturar-se a \u00e0cid oleic a la gl\u00e0ndula mam\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n

              \u00c0cid oleic (C18:1)<\/h3>\n

              Presenta un punt de fusi\u00f3 m\u00e9s baix i pot millorar la digestibilitat i l\u2019efici\u00e8ncia energ\u00e8tica.<\/p>\n

              \u00c0cids grassos poliinsaturats (PUFA)<\/h3>\n

              S\u00f3n necessaris en petites quantitats, per\u00f2 un exc\u00e9s pot alterar la biohidrogenaci\u00f3 ruminal i afavorir la formaci\u00f3 d\u2019intermediaris associats a la MFD.<\/p>\n

              Per aquest motiu, els greixos amb perfils rics en C16:0 i moderats en PUFA solen emprar-se quan l\u2019objectiu \u00e9s maximitzar els s\u00f2lids l\u00e0ctics.<\/p>\n

              El canvi de paradigma: de formular per greix a formular per \u00e0cids grassos<\/h2>\n

              Tradicionalment, els greixos suplementaris s\u2019avaluaven pel seu contingut total en greix. Tanmateix, la investigaci\u00f3 recent proposa un enfocament diferent: formular en funci\u00f3 del perfil espec\u00edfic d\u2019\u00e0cids grassos.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \"\"<\/p>\n

              Actualment sabem que dos greixos amb el mateix contingut energ\u00e8tic poden provocar respostes productives molt diferents en funci\u00f3 de la seva composici\u00f3 en C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 i PUFA.<\/p>\n

              Aquest canvi d\u2019enfocament est\u00e0 transformant la nutrici\u00f3 lip\u00eddica de les vaques lleteres.<\/p>\n

              Estrat\u00e8gies pr\u00e0ctiques per prevenir la depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic<\/h2>\n
                \n
              • Mantenir nivells adequats de fibra f\u00edsicament efectiva.<\/li>\n
              • Controlar l\u2019aportaci\u00f3 i el perfil d\u2019\u00e0cids grassos de la dieta.<\/li>\n
              • Evitar excessos de mid\u00f3 de fermentaci\u00f3 r\u00e0pida.<\/li>\n
              • Revisar la mida de part\u00edcula i l\u2019homogene\u00eftat de la barreja.<\/li>\n
              • Monitoritzar la relaci\u00f3 greix\/prote\u00efna a la llet.<\/li>\n
              • Adaptar el tipus de greix suplementari a l\u2019objectiu productiu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Conclusions<\/h2>\n

                La depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic \u00e9s un fenomen complex en qu\u00e8 la microbiota ruminal exerceix un paper central. Avui sabem que no es tracta simplement d\u2019un problema d\u2019aportaci\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica, sin\u00f3 del resultat d\u2019alteracions en la biohidrogenaci\u00f3 ruminal i de la formaci\u00f3 d\u2019intermediaris capa\u00e7os de modular la s\u00edntesi mam\u00e0ria de greix.<\/p>\n

                Comprendre aquests mecanismes permet formular dietes m\u00e9s precises i seleccionar fonts lip\u00eddiques adaptades als objectius productius de cada explotaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Lock AL, dos Santos Neto JM, de Souza J. Invited review: Moving from dietary fat to fatty acids\u2014New insights into how fatty acids affect digestibility, metabolism, and performance in dairy cows.<\/strong> Journal of Dairy Science<\/em>. 2025;108:11733\u201311756. DOI: 10.3168\/jds.2025-27040.<\/li>\n
                2. Mart\u00ednez EN, et al. Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Prevention, and Recovery Approaches.<\/strong> Dairy<\/em>. 2025;5(3):38.<\/li>\n
                3. Vahmani P, et al. Trans-10 shifted ruminal biohydrogenation and its implications.<\/strong> Canadian Journal of Animal Science<\/em>. 2024.<\/li>\n
                4. Arif M, et al. The effect of the biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression on milk fatty acids.<\/strong> Journal of Dairy Science<\/em>. 2025.<\/li>\n
                5. Peterson DG, et al. Diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows results in increased trans-10,cis-12 CLA in milk fat.<\/strong> Journal of Nutrition<\/em>. 2003;133:3098\u20133102.<\/li>\n
                6. Adeniji YA, et al. Relationship between oxygenated fatty acids and milk fat depression in dairy cows.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Observaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica:<\/strong> el apartado sobre el perfil 6:60<\/strong> debe interpretarse como una descripci\u00f3n comercial ampliamente utilizada en el sector, ya que no existe una definici\u00f3n normativa o cient\u00edfica universal para esta nomenclatura.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  La depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic \u00e9s un dels trastorns nutricionals m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents en bestiar bov\u00ed lleter. Aquest article revisa els mecanismes de biohidrogenaci\u00f3 ruminal, el paper del trans-10,cis-12 CLA i com el perfil dels greixos protegits, incl\u00f2s el conegut perfil 6:60, pot influir sobre els s\u00f2lids l\u00e0ctics i l\u2019efici\u00e8ncia productiva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-remugants"],"yoast_head":"\nDepressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic en bestiar bov\u00ed lleter - TECH-COMPLEX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descobreix com la biohidrogenaci\u00f3 ruminal i el perfil d\u2019\u00e0cids grassos influeixen en la depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic en vaques lleteres.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tech-complex.com\/depresion-de-grasa-lactea-en-vacuno-de-leche\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Depressi\u00f3 del greix l\u00e0ctic en bestiar bov\u00ed lleter - 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